Gold Is at a Record High. Why It Is Set to Rise Even More.

Is gold’s strength a flash in the pan or a golden opportunity?

The yellow metal just completed its best two-quarter stretch in eight years on its way to a record high of $2,319 per ounce today.

That performance comes as a bit of a surprise at first blush. After all, gold prices typically rise when interest rates decrease and fall when rates swing higher. Yet recent economic data suggest the Federal Reserve will have to keep interest rates elevated for longer than previously thought to tame inflation.

There has been some good news on inflation. Last Friday, for instance, we learned that the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) index, which is the Fed’s preferred inflation measure, rose just 2.8% year over year and 0.3% month over month, as expected , in February.

Shorter-term trends paint a more challenging picture for the Fed, however, given that the three-month core PCE trend reflects 3.5% annual growth compared with 2.5% in late 2023.

“The relevant news is that recent inflation data are rising briskly,” writes Michael Lewis, who heads Free Market Inc., an economic consulting firm. This translates into higher rates for longer as the odds of a June rate cut have fallen to 58% from 73% a month ago. Mary Daly, the chief of the San Francisco Federal Reserve, said Tuesday there is “ really no urgency ” to cut rates. Fed Chairman Jerome Powell echoed that sentiment today.

Monday’s ISM manufacturing index report reinforces that narrative . In March, the index delivered its strongest growth since September 2022, rising to 50.3, easily exceeding the expectation of 48.4.

Not surprisingly, on Monday, stocks fell as the yield on the 10-year bond surged to 4.32%. Tuesday we saw more of the same with key stock indexes falling and the 10-year yield rising as high as 4.4% , its highest level in 2024 . Higher rates have been pressuring stocks, bonds, and cryptocurrencies .

Gold is powering higher, however. March 22 is the last day that gold prices fell. The price of gold has risen 9.7% this year while the yield on the 10-year has gained 10.4%.

“Gold is the near-zero yielder that is then showing record demand, despite a world where high nominal yields and carry are still dominant,” wrote Deutsche Bank macro strategist Alan Ruskin in a newsletter last week. “If gold prices won’t go down in an inflated nominal yield world, they can surely go up as the G-10 yield plateau gives way, and yields likely start their descent in” the second half of this year, Ruskin continued.

So what explains gold’s recent rise amid higher rates? Strong demand from China is one factor . The People’s Bank of China went on a buying spree last year, acquiring a net 225 metric tons of gold—the most among all central banks and the country’s biggest expansion of gold reserves since 1977.

With China’s central bank reserves at a record high, its consumers are also actively buying the precious metal, partly due to concerns about their economy and stock market. Among Chinese investors, demand for gold-related ETFs is “booming,” according to The Wall Street Journal, and Chinese imports of gold have surged 51% in the first two months of 2024 compared with the same period last year.

Gold’s more volatile counterpart, silver, surged to a two-year high today, gaining 5% to $27.22 per ounce. Unlike gold, which is at a record high, silver would need to rise more than 80% to reach its 2011 high of near $50.

“The formerly nonchalant silver finally appears ready to join gold’s advance,” John Roque, a technical analyst at 22V Research, wrote in a note, Barron’s reported . “$30 as the first target and then, presuming a breakout, $40 as the second target.” Silver prices are up 12.5% this year.

The entire commodities complex is showing relative strength as the Bloomberg Commodity Index is at its highest level since December . Crude oil is 20.6% higher this year.

Safe-haven demand for gold may increase given fast-rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. Moreover, concerns about the national debt are growing louder and more pointed from notable figures across the political spectrum. Unfortunately, there is no indication that politicians will quit pandering to short-term considerations (meaning votes) by making tough choices. As such, expect them to keep playing Kick the Can until one of them slices their foot.

Given all of this, the outlook for gold remains bright . On March 29, Barron’s cited an analysis by economist Charles Gave, founder of Gavekal Research. “The S&P 500 is on the verge of becoming overvalued versus the stock of capital, while gold is almost undervalued against my measure of retained earnings.”

Gave added, “Gold is ‘undervalued’ against the S&P 500 by a hefty -52% and -13% versus its own long-term trend. In contrast, the S&P 500 stands 33% above its own long-term trend level.” Recommending that investors hedge equity exposure with at least 20% of their portfolio in gold, Gave concluded, “At this point my preference based on the relative position of the two reserve assets is to favour gold, followed by equities.”

Wall Street’s hottest trade has gone ice cold.

For years, it paid off to buy stocks that were rising in price—and bet against struggling shares. The momentum trade was especially profitable this year, as investors piled into hot stocks including Micron Technology, Nvidia, Advanced Micro Devices and other artificial-intelligence darlings while wagering against those likely to be hurt by the embrace of AI.

The S&P 500 Momentum Index soared 44% in the second quarter, its best quarterly performance on record, and it surged 133% over the past five years, nearly double the broad market’s performance.

Mega funds and rookie investors alike piled into the trade, some using leverage and options contracts in an effort to amplify their returns, propelling the underlying shares higher.

“It is a self-fulfilling prophecy,” said Matthew Tym, managing director at Cantor Fitzgerald, of the trade.

Suddenly, the trade is a loser. The momentum index has tumbled more than 9% since July 1, lagging behind the S&P 500’s 2.8% gain. The index—which tracks stocks in the S&P 500 based on a “momentum score”—is on track for the biggest quarterly underperformance in 25 years. July was the second-worst month for the momentum trade in around 40 years, according to Bank of America estimates; the only month worse was April 2009, in the teeth of the global financial crisis.

Hedge funds that bought momentum shares while shorting low-momentum stocks suffered even more. At the same time, a basket of the most popular stocks held by hedge funds tracked by Goldman Sachs recorded its biggest one-month underperformance in July relative to the S&P 500 in more than 20 years, according to the bank’s analysts.

Momentum trading is based on a rather simple observation: Investments that go up tend to keep outperforming; those that underperform often remain laggards. This kind of trading might seem too simple a stock-picking strategy to work. Yet it often has.

“For decades, it didn’t take a lot of sophistication to run a momentum strategy and make a decent living at it,” says Agustin Lebron, senior researcher at EquiLibre, a trading firm.

Part of the reason: It takes a while for corporate and other information to spread to various investors, so they slowly build positions, producing buying momentum.

“A huge pension fund can’t flip around its positions in a day,” says Lebron. “Behavioral biases also account for some of the effect, as well—people tend to sell their winners too early and hold losers too long.”

Fans of the strategy point to the human tendency to extrapolate from past results—and chase investment returns—noting that momentum patterns have been evident in markets for decades, even centuries. They also say that some of the worst months for momentum strategies are during longer periods of outperformance.

Some have been doing the trade by buying the strongest investments in a sector while shorting the weakest; others lean in to rising markets or asset classes. Still others use a quantitative approach or turn to banks or others who sell ways to make distinct wagers on momentum as a “tradable factor” or a “thematic basket.”

The fans remain believers. “Any strategy has disappointing periods,” says Antti Ilmanen, global co-head of the portfolio solutions group at AQR Capital Management.

The surge in Moderna and other biotech stocks helped crush the momentum trade. These shares were among the most heavily shorted in recent years, but positive news on a cancer vaccine from Moderna and Merck sent those stocks flying, crushing some quant and other hedge funds. Moderna is up around 150% so far this month.

These traders had an especially rough day on Aug. 19, which Goldman Sachs told its clients was the worst day for “systematic long-short managers” in more than two years. About half of the losses were because of momentum trades, the bank said.

Some traders have begun to short, or bet against, the very stocks that propelled the momentum trade earlier this year. Net short positions in futures tied to the Nasdaq-100 index among speculators recently climbed to some of the highest levels of the past two decades, according to data from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

The about-face is a sign of how markets have become more treacherous for investors, even as indexes keep climbing. Part of the issue: the recent meltdown of Situational Awareness, a hedge fund that had piled into some of the most popular momentum shares, including chip stocks. After a period of market tumult, Nvidia shares rocketed almost 9% after its earnings, showing how quickly sentiment can shift.

Some investors say the run-up in share prices driving tech stocks higher reminds them at times of the dot-com frenzy decades ago.

Mike Ogborne, the founder of San Francisco-based Ogborne Capital Management, said he has grown more cautious on technology stocks and is keeping more of his portfolio in cash than he typically does.

And he is nervous about the surge in spending by technology giants and quarterly capital expenditures that keep rising.

“It is a little bit like Cinderella and the clock striking midnight. You don’t know when midnight is going to come around,” Ogborne said. “They don’t send a memo around telling you when the capex cycle is over.”

Gold Is at a Record High. Why It Is Set to Rise Even More.

Wall Street’s hottest momentum trade has reversed sharply, as former winners tumble and heavily shorted stocks surge.