The Wealthy Are Overpricing Their Homes. Auctions Show Just How Much.
Desperate to sell, more rich homeowners are turning to the auction market—but the results aren’t always what they bargained for
Desperate to sell, more rich homeowners are turning to the auction market—but the results aren’t always what they bargained for
Randy and Robin Landsman had been trying to sell their Manhattan penthouse for over a year when they turned to the auction market this summer. First listed for $12.2 million, their triplex in the sought-after Tribeca neighbourhood came with more than 2,000 square feet of terraces, a floating staircase and a private elevator.
At auction, the roughly 3,300-square-foot property sold for $5 million, less than half of what they had originally asked and little more than they paid for it two decades ago. “It was obviously a stupid mistake,” Randy said of deciding to auction the home.
More closely associated with pricey art or collectibles, auctions are on the rise for luxury real estate, with auction houses reporting a dramatic spike in the number of high-net-worth sellers seeking their services since 2020. Amid a slowdown in luxury home sales, auction companies are pitching homeowners on their ability to market unique properties to a range of deep-pocketed buyers beyond local markets and to sell them within a precise time frame.
Emboldened by the trophy home prices they see on television, or stuck on a major sale that happened previously in their neighbourhood or city, sellers who aggressively priced their luxury homes often have been forced to repeatedly cut their asking prices, agents said. Then, when all else fails, they turn to auction.
The increasing disconnect between what luxury homeowners think their properties are worth and what buyers are willing to pay is helping to drive up interest in auctions. But aspirational sellers are finding that auctions don’t always yield their desired outcome—and that they aren’t without risks.
La Dune, an oceanfront Hamptons estate that was listed for $150 million in 2022, sold at auction for $89 million this year. The One, a Bel-Air megamansion once slated to list for $500 million, sold for $126 million at auction in 2022. Villa Firenze, a Los Angeles estate in the storied Beverly Park neighbourhood, sold for $51 million at auction in 2021, having been initially listed for $165 million. It has since traded hands again for $52 million.
Earlier this year, former “Real Housewives of New York City” star Sonja Morgan auctioned her Upper East Side townhouse, which had been on and off the market for more than a decade. Once listed for as high as $10.75 million, its price had been slashed more recently to $7.5 million. It fetched $4.595 million in the auction.
Misha Haghani, founder of real-estate auction house Paramount Realty USA, said he frequently counsels prospective auction clients that they have been too aggressive in their original pricing.
“I will tell the seller, ‘You’ve been on the market for X period of time at three different price points. Why hasn’t it sold? It’s obvious why. Because it’s mispriced,” he said. Almost every owner “thinks their home is better than it actually is.”
The number of luxury home sales in the U.S. declined 10.6% in the third quarter from a year earlier, according to brokerage Redfin . Despite the market slowdown, sellers have been reluctant to lower prices. Luxury home prices rose 9% in that same time to the highest third-quarter level on record, growing nearly three times faster than nonluxury prices.
Since the pandemic boom, high-end properties are also taking longer to sell. On average, luxury listings spent 46 days on the market during the third quarter, up from 36 days during the same period in 2021, Redfin data show.
Haghani, who founded Paramount in 2009, said his company has seen a flood of interest from high-end sellers since the pandemic, 99% of it now inbound from homeowners approaching Paramount. Scott Kirk , chief executive of home-auction competitor Interluxe Auctions, founded in 2013, said business has more than doubled every year for the last three years.
Auctions tend to attract the real-estate world’s white elephants—properties that may be quirky, highly personalized or ultraluxury, resort-style homes in neighbourhoods where that type of housing is atypical.
A White House replica in the San Francisco Bay Area had been designed for the oldest son of William Randolph Hearst and included a duplicate of the Oval Office, East Room and White House Rose Garden. In Whitefish, Mont., former pro football player Drew Brees built a home that resembled a treehouse. It was perched 15 feet above the ground inside a forest. And a castle-style home owned by former baseball star Derek Jeter in New York’s Greenwood Lake area had a medieval-looking tower, rooftop battlements and a copy of the Statue of Liberty.
“The properties that we represent that do really well at auction, they’re not fungible,” said Kirk. “These properties have extremely unique attributes about them that make them very difficult to comp.”
By the time a property comes to auction, it has likely already undergone at least one price reduction, said Haghani.
“When they come to us, hopefully they’ve had some sense knocked into them,” he said of sellers. “They’re tired, they’ve had enough. They say, ‘As long as the offer is decent, as long as it’s fair, I’m going to take it even if it’s not exactly what I wanted before.’”
For many sellers, the draw of an auction is the set timeline. Where their home could linger on the market for months or years listed the traditional way, the auction template offers a sale date, as long as bids reach the minimum, if one was set. Auction companies also promise to market a property more widely than a local broker, to both a national and international audience.
In 2018, Randy Singer, a retired entrepreneur, listed the family’s historic home in the West Chop neighbourhood of Martha’s Vineyard without a real-estate agent for $16.9 million, inspired by a $17 million listing nearby. He eventually worked with at least three agents and cut the price to as low as $7.9 million in May. It has been in Singer’s family since 1949, when it was purchased by his grandfather, and needs significant updates, he said.
Now, Paramount is auctioning the property in November with a $6 million reserve price, which acts as a minimum.
“Nothing has worked,” Singer said. “We’ve been trying so long, and I need to move on with my life.”
Corporate consultant Ed Vilandrie and his wife, Martha Cavanaugh, are glad they decided to auction their 144-acre Vermont estate with Interluxe, just 45 days after listing it for $6.275 million. They had a hunch the Peacham, Vt., property would secure a better price with the broader marketing of an auction because of its unique scale for the local area. They were told that the previous owner spent upward of $18 million to construct a family compound there. The couple paid $2.2 million for it in 2011.
Located beyond the typical high-end pockets of Vermont, it might not have captured the attention of out-of-state buyers without an auction setting, they said.
After three days of bidding in October, the auction closed with a high offer of $5.88 million, including the 12% buyer’s premium that covers a commission to the auction house and fees for the agents who worked on the deal. Excluding that premium, the roughly $5.25 million deal was still well above their $3.9 million reserve price.
A number of auction companies focused on luxury homes emerged in the wake of the financial crisis and have since tried to shake the stigma that auctions are just for bankruptcy or financial distress.
Concierge Auctions, Paramount and Interluxe are now among the largest players, and some top brokerages have issued formal recommendations of auction houses to their agents as prescreened vendors. In 2021, Realogy , the parent company of Sotheby’s International Realty now known as Anywhere Real Estate, partnered with Sotheby’s art auction house to buy a majority stake in Concierge. Paramount has partnerships with Compass and Serhant. They have marketed heavily to rebrand auctions as a legitimate alternative to the traditional sales method, rather than a last-ditch option.
“There’s a lot of education that we do,” said Interluxe’s Kirk. Sellers are “appreciating and really understanding that auctions are not an admission of failure.”
The auction companies all have slightly different strategies. Paramount offers a format that calls for a transparent online auction where the bidding is visible in real time, but also offers a sealed bid process whereby prospective buyers submit their offers privately in best-and-final style. The sealed-bid process is a kind of hybrid between an auction and a traditional sale. In both instances, if an offer doesn’t meet the reserve price, the seller isn’t obligated to sell.
In the vast majority of cases, Paramount says it places a reserve price on the property. Interluxe puts reserve prices on 96% of homes, Kirk said.
Paramount takes a fixed 6% commission on any sale, and agent fees are charged on top of that. In Interluxe auctions, buyers pay the sellers a 12% buyer’s premium, which is then shared to varying degrees with the auction house and the agents. Neither company makes any money if a property doesn’t hit its reserve price.
Many sellers who have worked with Concierge say executives encouraged them to proceed without a reserve price in order to maximise interest and momentum. Whether there’s a reserve price or not, Concierge takes a 12% to 15% buyer’s premium as a commission, plus there are agent fees. It markets the property heavily before the auction, and tries to generate early offers by offering prospective buyers a “starting bid incentive,” or 50% discount on the buyer’s premium if they submit a winning bid before the start of the auction.
Not every auction ends in a sale.
A few years ago, former Yankees player Derek Jeter’s home in Greenwood Lake, N.Y., failed to sell at auction after bids fell short of the $6.5 million reserve price. The property—with a roughly 12,500-square-foot residence—initially hit the market asking $14.75 million in 2018. Haghani, whose firm handled the auction, said he felt the reserve price was a “very tall order” for the area, even with extensive marketing and press coverage.
The home eventually sold in July for $5.1 million.
Some sellers see the writing on the wall and never go through with the auction at all.
Concierge, for example, holds a “green-light call” before the auction with sellers who forgo a reserve price. The call typically takes place after a two-week marketing blitz when prospective buyers are enticed to make early bids. During the call, sellers give a final OK for the auction to proceed or exercise their right to cancel.
Real-estate agent Kylie McCollough of Mott & Chace Sotheby’s International Realty said one of her clients, the owner of an 8,000-square-foot penthouse listed for $5.9 million, considered an auction last year because the unit was unusually large for the Portsmouth, R.I., area. The homeowner pulled the plug on the auction with Concierge after early bids came in between $2 million and $3 million. “The risk is, that could be as high as it goes,” she said. “Our client did not want to take the risk.”
After canceling the auction, the property sold for $4.5 million about six months later.
The owner of the White House replica in the Bay Area canceled its auction with Concierge in June when early bids fell short of his expectations, said listing agent Alex Buljan of Compass. The roughly 24,400-square-foot mansion in Hillsborough, Calif., originally listed for $38.9 million, was priced at $36.9 million at the time, with expected starting bids in the $10 million to $17 million range. The property just sold for $23 million.
Brees’s treehouse auction was also canceled, according to listing agent Sean Averill of PureWest Christie’s International Real Estate.
Pricing a multimillion-dollar home can be more of an art than a science. In August, 49% of luxury homes sold below their initial asking price with an average discount of 9%, according to Zillow.
In an auction, it’s even more common. A Wall Street Journal analysis of properties handled by Concierge, which calls itself the world’s largest auction house for luxury real estate, found that a majority of home auctions sell below list price.
The average discount was 46% for 51 home auctions last year, according to the Journal’s analysis of Concierge’s publicised sales. The analysis only included U.S. sales that closed and where recorded prices were publicly available. This year, 39 closings through Sept. 18 had an average discount of 41%, the Journal found.
An analysis of Interluxe auctions, based on a list of sales the company provided, shows seven publicly recorded closings in 2023 with an average discount of about 26%. Through Sept. 18 of this year, it had four closings with an average discount of about 21%. The analysis only included sales that closed and where recorded prices were publicly available.
Paramount declined to provide its statistics, saying they weren’t readily available.
Concierge declined to comment for this article beyond a statement saying it stands by its results. “We specialize in high-value properties that are challenging to price and often require multiple years to sell. Our transparent platform determines market value through competitive bidding, with final sale prices representing the market price in a 60-day process resulting in a compelling value proposition for our sellers,” a company spokeswoman said.
Rather than listing their East Hampton estate, financial-services executive Erik Stern and his wife, Michelle Stern, went straight to auction. They said they were referred to Concierge by Charles Stewart , the CEO of Concierge’s part-owner Sotheby’s, who had been renting their property.
“It’s almost like a stock market, where you’ve got buyers and sellers and they come to the market price,” Erik said. “So I thought this actually sounds much more reasonable to me than just putting it on [the market] and seeing what happens.”
He said they expected that the house, a modernist property designed by architect Norman Jaffe, was worth around $20 million or more, based on the 3-acre parcel of land alone. The Sterns said Concierge representatives didn’t want to put a reserve price on the property because they believed it would stifle momentum, but the couple were assured there was a high level of interest.
“There was all this talk about, ‘You know, we’ve got people flying in from Switzerland to see your home, people from all over the U.S., a lot of Texans,’” said Michelle.
The auction ended in minutes and closed at $15 million, far less than the Sterns had expected.
“I think I vomited and blacked out,” Michelle said. The Sterns were offered $100,000 by Concierge to settle their claims that Concierge had misled them; the settlement agreement contained a confidentiality provision that would have prevented the Sterns from speaking negatively about Concierge. They declined.
The Landsmans, owners of the Tribeca penthouse, also hadn’t set a reserve price. They said they agreed to go ahead with their auction after representatives from Concierge predicted a “very active” auction and told them seven bidders had registered to participate.
Much of the couple’s retirement nest egg was tied up in the property, located in an 1800-era building, said Randy Landsman, who is the CEO of a financial-advisory firm.
“They told us it’s going to be a lot of activity. They told us they were speaking to their bidders frequently,” Randy said.
Once the auction began, none of the registered bidders submitted new bids. The property sold by default for the highest pre-bid of $5 million. Having agreed not to place a reserve price on the apartment, they were forced to accept the bid.
“They called a meeting right after the auction was over, and they said, ‘Sorry it didn’t work out,’” said Randy.
The deal fell apart soon after; the buyer pulled the plug after the Landsmans failed to close by the agreed-upon date, the Landsmans said. The couple said they have since been served with a letter for arbitration by Concierge, which says it’s still due its commission.
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Alexandre de Betak and his wife are focusing on their most personal project yet.
Unmarried home buyers say they are giving priority to a financial foundation over a legal one
The big wedding can wait. Couples are deciding they would rather take the plunge into homeownership.
In reshuffling the traditional order of adult milestones, some couples may decide not to marry at all, while others say they are willing to delay a wedding. Buying a home is as much, if not more of a commitment, they reason. It helps them build financial stability when the housing market is historically unaffordable.
In 2023, about 555,000 unmarried couples said that they had bought their home in the previous year, according to a Wall Street Journal analysis of Census Bureau data. That is up 46% from 10 years earlier, when just under 381,000 couples did the same.
Unmarried couples amounted to more than 11% of all U.S. home sales. The percentage has climbed steadily over the past two decades—a period in which marriage rates have fallen. These couples make up triple the share of the housing market that they did in the mid-1980s, according to the National Association of Realtors.
To make it work, couples must look past the significant risk that the relationship could blow up, or something could happen to one partner. Without a marriage certificate, living situations and finances are more likely to fall into limbo, attorneys say.
Mark White, 59 years old, and Sheila Davidson, 62, bought a lakeside townhouse together in Newport News, Va., in 2021. But only her name is on the deed. He sometimes worries about what would happen to the house if something happened to her. They have told their children that he should inherit the property, but don’t have formal documentation.
“We need to get him on the deed at some point,” Davidson said.
White and Davidson both had previous marriages, and decided they don’t want to do it again. They also believe tying the knot would affect their retirement benefits and tax brackets.
Couples that forgo or postpone marriage say they are giving priority to a financial foundation over a legal one. The median homeowner had nearly $400,000 in wealth in 2022, compared with roughly $10,000 for renters, according to the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances.
Even couples that get married first are often focused on the house. Many engaged couples ask for down-payment help in lieu of traditional wedding gifts.
“A mortgage feels like a more concrete step toward their future together than a wedding,” said Emily Luk, co-founder of Plenty, a financial website for couples.
Elise Dixon and Nick Blue, both 29, watched last year as the Fed lifted rates, ostensibly pushing up the monthly costs on a mortgage. The couple, together for four years, decided to use $80,000 of their combined savings, including an unexpected inheritance she received from her grandfather, to buy a split-level condo in Washington, D.C.
“Buying a house is actually a bigger commitment than an engagement,” Dixon said.
They did that, too, getting engaged eight months after their April 2023 closing date. They are planning a small ceremony on the Maryland waterfront next year with around 75 guests, which they expect to cost less than they spent on the home’s down payment and closing costs.
The ages at which people buy homes and enter marriages have both been trending upward. The median age of first marriage for men is 30.2, and for women, 28.6, according to the Census Bureau. That is up from 29.3 and 27.0 a decade earlier. The National Association of Realtors reported this year that the median age of first-time buyers was 38, up from 31 in 2014.
Family lawyers—and parents—sometimes suggest protections in case the unmarried couple breaks up. A prenup-like cohabitation agreement spells out who keeps the house, and how to divide the financial obligations. Without the divorce process, a split can be even messier, legal advisers say.
Family law attorneys say more unmarried people are calling for legal advice, but often balk at planning for a potential split, along with the cost of drawing up such agreements, which can range from $1,000 to $3,000, according to attorney-matching service Legal Match.
Dixon, the Washington condo buyer, said she brushed off her mother’s suggestion that she draft an agreement with Blue detailing how much she invested, figuring that their mutual trust and equal contributions made it unnecessary. (They are planning to get a prenup when they wed, she said.)
There are a lot of questions couples don’t often think about, such as whether one owner has the option to buy the other out, and how quickly they need to identify a real-estate agent if they decide to sell, said Ryan Malet, a real-estate lawyer in the D.C. region.
The legal risks often don’t deter young home buyers.
Peyton Kolb, 26, and her fiancé figured that a 150-person wedding would cost $200,000 or more. Instead, they bought a three-bedroom near Tampa with a down payment of less than $50,000.
“We could spend it all on one day, or we could invest in something that would build equity and give us space to grow,” said Kolb, who works in new-home sales.
Owning a place where guests could sleep in an extra bedroom, instead of on the couch in their old rental, “really solidified us starting our lives together,” Kolb said. Their wedding is set for next May.
Homes and weddings have both gotten more expensive, but there are signs that home prices are rising faster. From 2019 to 2023, the median sales price for existing single-family homes rose by 44%, according to the National Association of Realtors. The average cost of a wedding increased 25% over that time, according to annual survey data from The Knot.
Roughly three quarters of couples move in together before marriage, and may already be considering the trade-offs between buying and renting. The cost of both has risen sharply over the past few years, but rent rises regularly while buying with a fixed-rate mortgage caps at least some of the costs.
An $800 rent hike prompted Sonali Prabhu and Ryan Willis, both 27, to look at buying. They were already paying $3,200 in monthly rent on their two-bedroom Austin, Texas, apartment, and felt they had outgrown it while working from home.
In October, they closed on a $425,000 three-bed, three-bath house. Their mortgage payment is $200 more than their rent would have been, but they have more space. They split the down payment and she paid about $50,000 for some renovations.
Her dad’s one request was that the house face east for good fortune, she said. Both parents are eagerly awaiting an engagement.
“We’re very solid right now,” said Prabhu, who plans to get married in 2026. “The marriage will come when it comes.”