Last summer, those of us charmed enough to have a backyard to call our own tended our gardens and zhushed our patios with new furniture, maybe even springing for an outdoor rug. When it came to exterior lighting, however, most people aimed no higher than a swag of Edison-bulb string lights and a feebly flickering hurricane candle.

“Outdoor spaces sometimes get overlooked after the sun goes down,” said Memphis interior designer Sean Anderson, alluding to such lame attempts at illumination. This spring, however, as we prepare to host en plein air again, why not tackle outdoor lighting—especially if you’ve upgraded everything else? Beyond a wish to enjoy their private plot at night, homeowners light landscapes “so that when you’re inside the house you can see the garden and not just a black hole,” said Ive Haugeland, founding principal of Shades of Green, a landscape architecture firm in Sausalito, Calif.

The best way to banish murky shadows is to borrow the sort of layered lighting scheme found in professionally designed living rooms. In simplest terms, you want three tiers. Start with the highest level, via lofty lanterns or up-lighting that draws eyes skyward or even chandeliers (yes, weatherproof versions exist; see “Worth Wiring”). Next fill in the midrange with sconces, illuminated plants or sculptures and tabletop portable lanterns. And don’t forget low-level illumination—that is path, understep and underseat lighting.

The cumulative effect should be subtle, not stark, “that feeling of fireflies on a summer night, that sense of discovery,” as San Francisco designer Ken Fulk put it. “The default has previously been an overly lit space.”

At a residence in San Francisco, Ms. Haugeland recently hung two outdoor-rated glass chandeliers beneath a minimalist pergola. To provide eye-level glow, she uplit the knotty trunks of century-old olive trees, then set low LED lighting into step risers for safer sauntering after dark. The chandeliers are “a little over the top, so they’re very fun and playful and what you don’t expect to see outside,” said Ms. Haugeland.

Solar-powered outdoor fixtures are still too dim to rely on, said the landscape architects we polled. A reasonably sized fixture can’t house enough photovoltaic cells to produce anything but a sickly glow. Meanwhile, the latest low-voltage LEDs not only last a long time, they can be easily and cheaply wired. “[In the] 1980s and into the ’90s, landscape lighting was run using high-voltage electricity,” said Washington, D.C., landscape architect Joseph Richardson, who recently uplit the river birch trees surrounding his own Arlington, Va., home. “It meant fixtures were very large and very bulky, and the cost was extreme. You had to run buried conduit plastic pipes through the yard, and if someone were to hit that with a shovel they could be electrocuted.”

Today’s LED fixtures suck as little as 3 watts as opposed to the 35 watts that incandescents fed on, Mr. Richardson said. That means “you can use low-voltage wiring—a small wire that lays on top of soil under mulch,” said Megumi Aihara, founding partner and principal of San Francisco’s Spiegel Aihara Workshop. “You can install [that] after a garden is built, and it would not hurt you if you touched those wires.” (Note: The designers we interviewed recommended hiring a professional electrician or landscape firm to at least install your main transformer, which converts your home’s 120-volt juice to 12-volt power.)

To light her North Carolina yard (pictured on D1) designer Gray Walker turned to low-voltage specialists Outdoor Lighting Perspectives (OLP) of Charlotte. A brick walkway behind her house leads to a small eight-sided gazebo. “You’ve got your path lights to illuminate the ground and then I like to lift the eye up,” said Ms. Walker. Uplit oak trees and Japanese magnolias create a “wonderland” of branches. The path passes a trio of gurgling columnar fountains that are highlighted to provide midlevel illumination, while other lights shine on shrubs, casting shadows on the brick exterior of her Georgian-style home. “This adds a bit of texture and dimension to the wall,” said Mari Zaragoza, production coordinator at OLP. “It was important to not keep everything in the same level, to create as much depth and texture as possible.”

Ms. Walker’s gazebo quietly commands attention at night. Two upturned accent lights shine thin lines of light through its slatted roof for a “glowing effect,” said Ms. Zaragoza. “We really thought this created a natural focal point without it being too overdone.”

Low-voltage lighting helped Ms. Aihara execute a multilevel scheme in a Los Angeles yard (pictured, above). Perforated metal tubes diffuse light throughout the canopy of deciduous trees, and cast modest pools on the deck and the greenery that surrounds it. Another one of Ms. Aihara’s tricks: Dek Dots from Dekor lighting. “They’re small, half-inch LED dots,” she said. “During the day, they disappear, and at night they twinkle on the ground.”

Don’t wish to deal with running any kind of electrical wiring? You can easily find options that plug into an outdoor socket but are far more aesthetically ambitious than string lights. Examples include articulating floor lamps and hanging lamps like Lightology’s Garota Plug-In Pendant (see “No-Pro Lamps”).

Even better: lights that you can cart around as freely as a flashlight. “We’re noticing an increased interest in rechargeable, free-standing lights that run on LED bulbs and batteries,” said Greenwich, Conn., landscape architect Janice Parker. Check out the cartoonish mushroom lamps from Hay at the MoMA Design Store as well as braided-rope lanterns by Talenti. Both double as tabletop and path lighting. Ms. Parker hangs portable LED lanterns from tree branches or decorative hangers. “You can easily move them around as needed, and guests can use them if they want to go for a stroll.”

Other landscape architects are eschewing visible fixtures altogether, hiding strips of LEDs under stair treads, for example. In the courtyard of a Berkeley, Calif., home, design firm Delaney + Chin tucked wet-location LED tape under a white stone bench as well as in the ground to shine a wash of light along the bottom of a corten steel wall. The goal, as Ms. Parker put it, is to achieve lighting “that you do not perceive as coming from fixtures but naturally from the moon.” Roderick Wyllie of Surfacedesign, a landscape architecture firm in San Francisco, recommends placing fixtures at least a foot away from the plant or architectural element they’re meant to highlight to avoid harsh, unflattering “hot spots.”

Such toned-down design lets us see and appreciate the nighttime sky, notes Mr. Wyllie. Many municipalities are embracing dark-skies policies intended to curb light pollution and lessen the impact on birds, the bugs they eat and other fauna, said Matthew Bromley, a landscape designer in Bedford, N.Y. “We can be impactful without being garish or feeling like we’re in Las Vegas.”

You may not need as many path lights as you think, for example. Mr. Richardson said one of the habitual mistakes homeowners make when they tackle lighting themselves is spacing path lights too closely. “It almost gives you a runway effect,” he said, adding that you can ensure navigability without committing overkill. “I try not to space [them] any closer than maybe 12 feet apart.”

Another interior technology that has moved outdoors: dimming. “There are times when you may want outdoor lights brighter or dimmer for whatever reason,” said Mr. Fulk. Perhaps you wish to bring the lights up slowly as the sun retires. He reports a growing demand for this flexibility. Similarly, multiple designers said their clients love that many LEDs can be tweaked—even transformed into a rainbow of hues—from their smartphones using programs from Lutron Homeworks and Savant.

As with LEDs inside your home, colour temperature, or Kelvin ratings, matter. A bulb on the high end of the Kelvin range, near 6500, will emit a cooler, bluer light. Lower kelvins translate to warmer, softer whites. For outdoor use, Dan Spiegel, who’s also a founding partner and principal at Spiegel Aihara Workshop, advises selecting lightbulbs with lower colour temperatures, around 2700 Kelvins.

Whether you hire professionals or do it yourself, Mr. Richardson recommends starting slowly. You can add extra light sources later. “Once you take the fixture out of the packaging and stick it in the ground it gets harder to return.” For her part, every time Ms. Walker pulls into her driveway at night, she appreciates the effort she’s put into her lighting, she said, from the gazebo to the glow-guided path. “It just makes me feel like I live in a little jewel box.”

NO-PRO LAMPS

Six rechargeable or plug-in lights you can layer into a three-tiered scheme yourself

Low

From left: Hay PC Portable Lamp, approx. $122, store.moma.org; Talenti Tribal Lamp, approx. $1544, Cantoni, 972-934-9191

Medium

From left: Inda Copenhagen Table Lamp, approx. $1100, Burke Decor 888-338-8111; Pedrali Giravolta Floor Lamp, approx. $510, shopdecor.com

High

From left: Simple String Lights, approx. $577, westelm.com; Garota Plug-In Pendant, approx. $1300, lightology.com

Reprinted by permission of The Wall Street Journal, Copyright 2021 Dow Jones & Company. Inc. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Original date of publication: April 23, 2021.

For decades, Walter Acree operated a modest landscaping business in Deerfield Beach, Fla. A self-described rebel, he mowed lawns in his bare feet, his then-long hair falling around his shoulders. Then, a few years ago, he stumbled into a lucrative niche business: helping South Florida’s superrich find trophy trees—the latest in status symbols for the most well-off Americans.

“I’m kind of unique,” said Mr. Acree, now the owner of Green Integrity’s, a tree relocation and landscaping firm. “Not a lot of people do what I do.”

Mr. Acree, 61, a so-called tree broker, regularly drives his wealthy clients around South Florida in search of the perfect tree for their garden, whether it is a giant kapok, an enormous canopied oak, a baobab, a ficus or a banyan. Together, they scope out trees in other people’s gardens and outside local businesses, then approach the owners with an unsolicited offer.

Then, it is Mr. Acree’s job to find a way to transport the tree to his client’s property. Sometimes, that involves using a long flatbed truck, a barge or even a 300-ton crane. Mr. Acree has also developed his own technique, which he calls “arbor division,” for moving the largest trees. It involves slicing the tree vertically into several parts using 6-foot-long saws with specially hardened blades, transporting the individual pieces to the site, then reassembling the tree with steel aircraft cable, ratchet straps and bolts.

Walter Acree, owner of Green Integrity’s, a company based in South Florida that uses an arbor dividing system to relocate large specimen trees. PHOTO: ZAK BENNETT FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

Mr. Acree’s business has been flourishing for more than five years, but it went into overdrive this past year as hoards of ultrahigh-net worth home buyers piled into the South Florida market amid the Covid crisis. While trophy trees are a nationwide trend, Miami tree-brokers have particularly benefited because of the area’s diversity of available trees. The city’s system of canals also makes it easier to transport trees by boat without having to cut back tree canopies.

Mr. Acree said that in recent years he has worked to install massive trees on properties owned by celebrities such as the singer Enrique Iglesias. He recently gave an estimate of about $250,000 to relocate a tree for a wealthy homeowner on Miami’s Indian Creek Island.

Landscape architects dealing with big names said they are seeing nondisclosure agreements hit their desks like never before as the superrich seek privacy in their horticultural endeavors. Tim Johnson, a partner at Fernando Wong Outdoor Living Design in Miami, said it is as a sign they are hitting the big time.

“It’s the busiest the business has ever been and we’re doing things at a scale that is just remarkable,” he said, noting that his firm recently had several clients purchase the houses next to theirs just so they can tear them down and build a bigger garden.

A few years ago, Mr. Johnson had a client who beat out basketball great Michael Jordan in a bidding war over a 45-foot canopied oak tree, which Mr. Johnson deemed the ideal tree. The deal for the oak closed in the low six figures.

“You want a tree that’s balanced,” Mr. Johnson said. “With this tree, it was perfectly proportioned and had a lot of character. The way the branches went off in both directions. This was the perfect oak tree.”

The absurdity of the situation isn’t lost on Mr. Acree. He said his wealthiest clients are finance and business types whose wealth dwarfs that of movie and music stars. “If they want it, it will happen,” he said with a laugh.

Once, he got into a debate with Mr. Iglesias over which way a tree he was installing on his property should face; Mr. Acree thought the curve of the tree should bend away from the house, as it would in the natural world, but Mr. Iglesias wanted it bent toward the house. Against his own judgment, he did it Mr. Iglesias’s way. A short while later, the singer called to have him rotate it back, he said. A representative for Mr. Iglesias didn’t respond to requests for comment.

The appeal of transporting a trophy tree is easy to explain, said Raymond Jungles, a Miami-based landscape architect. For one, a big tree helps mitigate the scale of a very big house. A unique or particularly old tree, like a piece of art, is also a great conversation piece. Lastly, it means high-net-worth buyers don’t have to wait for a newly planted tree to grow on their site.

“Older people especially don’t really want to wait a long time to see a tree. They want it right away, they don’t want to wait 20 years,” he said. “And now the younger people with money, they don’t want to wait either, usually.”

The most significant trees can range in price from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars, depending on their look and how difficult they are to access.

“If it’s in a backyard and there are power lines all over the place and I’ve got to get supercranes in there to get it, then I can’t pay as much for it,” said Mr. Acree. “If the tree is on the water where I can pull up to it with a barge and take it to another house that’s on the water, then that tree is worth a whole lot more.”

Mr. Acree said trees like the one he installed on Indian Creek Island, a large banyan, are particularly challenging as his workers aren’t permitted to bring large equipment over the bridge onto the island. All the equipment has to be brought in by barge.

Some tree owners are more willing than others to sell to wealthy buyers. Mr. Acree said some are skeptical of the offer and think he’s trying to rip them off. Others have a sentimental attachment to the tree.

“Sometimes they wouldn’t sell it for a million dollars,” he said. “Sometimes their grandmother planted it or they planted it for their dad or something. Those you never get.”

The search for the perfect tree occasionally leads homeowners farther afield.

Los Angeles real-estate developer Michael Chen said it took 18 months of obsessive searching and planning before he finally installed the perfect centerpiece for a $65 million spec house he was building in Beverly Hills: he calls it the “tree of life.”

The large 150-year-old olive tree, imported from Tuscany, stands at the center of the house, encased in a glass courtyard, surrounded by a shallow reflecting pool and positioned against a book-matched marble backdrop. It took 15 workmen and a 110-ton crane to hoist the tree about 60 feet into the air and lower it into the house safely. He said a street in the tony Trousdale Estates area of Beverly Hills had to be closed while the move took place.

“I was thinking, ‘If that thing drops it would just blow up the building,’ ” Mr. Chen recalled. “Everyone’s nervous. Of course, there’s a lot of risk.”

After working with a pair of tree curators in California, and unsatisfied with the selection of trees available locally, a grower in Tuscany helped him identify the perfect one, a 15-foot tree with foliage in the shape of a heart with two wings that open up like an angel.

“I said, ‘This is it. Nothing else,’ ” Mr. Chen said. “It’s like the ‘Lord of the Rings’ tree.”

He had it shipped to northern California in a large shipping container and then transported via flatbed truck to a parking lot he leased near the site. Hired police escorts accompanied it to the home site. A crew dug a 6-foot deep hole beneath the home’s courtyard to accommodate the tree’s huge roots. Some of Mr. Chen’s workers questioned whether it would survive the journey. “All of that for one tree,” he said with a laugh.

In all, he estimated that while the tree itself cost only about $17,000, the cost of getting it where it needed to be set him back an additional $40,000.

New York-based landscape designer Deborah Nevins said she has also seen homeowners go to great expense and effort for the tree of their dreams. Once, a client helicoptered in a large magnolia for their garden because a tractor trailer couldn’t make it around a turn in the winding roads of Beverly Hills where the house was located.

She said the tree, which was stored in a wooden box, was attached to the aircraft using straps and chains and then lowered onto the site. “Thankfully, no one dropped it in the wrong place,” she said.

These are sometimes techniques pioneered by horticulturists at major corporations. Walt Disney Co. used to relocate some of the more unusual trees on its park properties by drilling through the center of the trunk and inserting steel rods. The rods were then used as handles for hoisting the tree by crane to its desired location. The company once spent close to $1 million to relocate a 55-foot, 85-ton tree at Walt Disney World.

To move a giant tree—one that is more than about 18-feet wide—homeowners are typically required to get a permit to carry a superload, which often means paying for a local or state police escort depending on local regulations and where the tree needs to go, Mr. Acree said.

Often, they are moved in the middle of the night when the roads are quiet. Disasters can happen. Once, Mr. Acree said a colleague caused a huge traffic jam on a major highway outside Fort Lauderdale and took out a power line because he hadn’t pared back a tree’s foliage enough before hitting the road. He was dragging utility poles behind him.

“I said to him, ‘Why didn’t you stop?’” he said. “He said he thought [the poles] would come off.”

Mr. Jungles said tree-brokering can be a slippery business and some tree-brokers don’t take enough care to ensure the safe delivery of trees and properly prepare their roots for transplant. Some also try to get away with transporting trees without the proper permits. Reputable tree brokers typically offer insurance for trees, ensuring their survival for at least a year after the move, he said.

But there are still no guarantees, especially if workers don’t adequately prepare the roots of the tree for replanting. Mr. Jungles said he once advised a client to pay $25,000 for a lignum vitae tree for his property. A week after he moved it to the site, it died.

“It broke my heart,” he said, noting that it also hurt his own pocketbook as he felt bad and refunded the client.

Mr. Johnson said criticism that these processes put trees at risk is sometimes misplaced, since they are often rescuing trees that would otherwise be cut down. His firm recently brought in a 90-foot tall kapok for the Four Seasons Hotel at The Surf Club in Miami that had previously been owned by a local sugar company in Central Florida. Some local residents complained that it was wrong to cut down a perfectly healthy tree so that it could be replanted at the luxury project.

“When we planted it, people accused us of tree abuse but actually it was going to be cut down,” he said. “The business owner was worried it was going to fall over and crush them in a hurricane. Its canopy was a magnificent hurricane catcher.”

That is not such a concern for the Surf Club, because they can afford to closely maintain the canopy, he said.

Mr. Acree said he has a strong record of keeping trees alive. He said he came up with his technique of cutting up the tree before transport years ago after some particularly demanding clients insisted that the trees on their site be delivered with their canopies intact rather than stripped back to the trunk. They didn’t want to wait for them to sprout back later.

“I called everyone I could and they said ‘There’s no way you’re going to do this,’ ” he recalled. “They just didn’t think trees would live because no one had really done that before.”

He’s since transported hundreds of trees using the technique. He said cutting the trees vertically, leaving each piece with a portion of the root and foliage, transforms them into separate organisms. While the bark around them grows back as one, inside they are effectively separate living trees.

Andre Radandt, the former chief executive of Bolthouse Farms, recently tapped Mr. Acree to transport a ficus tree for the garden of a megamansion he was developing in Miami and it was cut into thirds. Over the course of about six months, Mr. Radandt said the tree repaired itself.

The tree became a defining feature of the property, which has since sold for US$29 million.

“It certainly paid for itself, so to speak,” Mr. Radandt said of the ficus.

Reprinted by permission of The Wall Street Journal, Copyright 2021 Dow Jones & Company. Inc. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Original date of publication: April 22, 2021.